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FROM THE "HIDDEN BOAT"
Military-industrial courier. April 5-11, 2006. By Svetlana Kuskova
This book has been published by the centennial of Russian submarine forces.
It tells about first steps of submarine engineering in Russia in XVIII-XIX centuries;
about heroic history of submarine forces in the XX century; about modern boats,
submariners scientists and engineers; about enterprises of the Defence Industry.
This heavy encyclopedia contains 12 chapters. The opening is dedicated to the most difficult first steps of submarine engineering. It is interesting to know that the first submarine was proposed by Yefim Nikonov, a mechanic-countryman, in 1718 (and build in 1721). It was figured in history as the "Hidden Boat" called "Morel". Curiously enough, this name has nothing to do with the sea ("More" in Russian). The name appeared during the keel-laying due to a clerk's mistake (instead of the world "Model"). Time waxed on. The submarine built in 1834 was quite different from the "Hidden Boat". The first native boat with an all-metal hull was a combat submarine armed with powder rockets and used a periscope for course control in submerged conditions.
The "Hidden Boat" by Yefim Nikonov, boats by Karl Shilder, Wilhelm Bauer, I. F. Alexandrovsky and S. K. Dzhevetsky are those rare cases when submarine projects of XVIII-XIX centuries have been implemented. Using modern terminology, one may say that experimental submarines were implemented within the projects mentioned above, and even serial boats within S. K. Dzhevetsky projects. But there were other, unimplemented, projects also described in the book.
The book contains information about promising directions in development of underwater missile carriers, torpedo and attack submarines; about unique search and rescue submarines. The book tells about creation of submarine-launched ballistic and cruise missiles. The State Missile Center "Academician V. P. Makeev Design Bureau" is particularly distinguished - it designed seven strategic systems putted into service. The encyclopedia contains information about largest submarine engineering enterprises.
There is an interesting chapter - "Submariner is a heroic career". It contains a full chronological list and a portrait gallery of submariners - Heroes of the Soviet Union, Heroes of Socialist Labour, Heroes of Russia, holders of three grades of "USSR Armed Forces Service Medal".
The book tells also about submarines-monuments. The submarine's destiny is similar to the human destiny. It is sadly, but the submarine's service period is not long - 30 years maximum. The majority of them disappears in melting furnaces. And only few of them meet a distinct destiny - to continue the cruise over waves of history. Their hulls and conning towers are transferred into museums; being putted onto pedestals, they rise above town squares in honour of heroic crews and glorious cruises.
These symbols of courage of the submariner's career can be seen in many towns. The memorial "Submarine-museum" has been created In Moscow, opposite to the Northern River Station. In total, there are more than 70 memorial submarines. These museums are essential for the young generation, because souls of new sailors, shipwrights, and conquerors of deeps come up when visiting such museums.
The book contains photographs and documents from the Russian State Naval Archive, the Central Naval Museum, the Museum of Russia's Submarine Forces named after A. I. Marinesko, the Central Naval Library, the Russian State Library, the Russian Agency of International Information "RIA "Novosti", the Naval Advertising and Information Agency "Botik", the illustration archive of the Publishing House "Arms and Technologies", and personal photo archives of veterans of submarine forces of the Russian Navy.
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